Review
An elderly woman with ‘heart failure’: Cognitive biases and diagnostic error
Nikhil Mull, MD, James B. Reilly, MD, MS and Jennifer S. Myers, MD
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine November 2015, 82 (11) 745-753; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.82a.14087
Nikhil Mull
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Assistant Director, Center for Evidence-based Practice, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
James B. Reilly
Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA; Assistant Professor of Medicine, Temple University, Pittsburgh, PA
Jennifer S. Myers
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

ABSTRACT
Errors in diagnosis can arise from the clinician’s cognitive biases as well as from problems in the healthcare system. Here the authors review a case with a bad outcome to analyze what went wrong and why.
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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Vol. 82, Issue 11
1 Nov 2015
An elderly woman with ‘heart failure’: Cognitive biases and diagnostic error
Nikhil Mull, James B. Reilly, Jennifer S. Myers
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Nov 2015, 82 (11) 745-753; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.82a.14087
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