Bronchoscopic approaches to lung volume reduction
| Valve therapy: Zephyr and Spiration |
| Lung volume reduction coils: PneumRx10 |
| Airway bypass stents (abandoned due to lack of efficacy and high complication rate)11 |
| Bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation (inducing scarring in the diseased airways leading to lung volume reduction)12 |
| Biologic or polymeric lung volume reduction: fibrin-thombin mixtures, glue, polymeric foam sealant (the AeriSeal System)13-16 |