TABLE 1

Hormone therapy: Risk of coronary heart disease in randomized controlled trials

Authors	Study description	Risk of coronary heart disease^a
Salpeter et al¹³	Meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials in 39,049 postmenopausal women Mean duration of follow-up 4.8 years Excludes Women’s Health Initiative trial data Estrogen formulations include conju-gated equine estrogen (CEE) and ethinyl estradiol Progesterone formulations include medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), gestodene, and micronized progesterone	Subgroup	Odds ratio	95% CI

		Within 10 years of menopause and age < 60	0.68	0.48-0.96
		> 10 years of menopause and age > 60	1.03	0.91–1.16
		First year of hormone therapy and age < 60	0.22	1.12–1.92
		First year of hormone therapy and age > 60	1.47	0.67–0.93
		Overall	0.99	0.88–1.11
Rossouw et al¹⁴	Secondary analysis of Women’s Health Initiative, 27,347 US postmenopausal women Average age 64 Average time since menopause 12 years Intervention hormone therapies: CEE 0.625 mg/day or CEE + MPA 2.5 mg/day	Subgroup	Hazard ratio	95% CI

		Within 10 years of menopause	0.76	0.50–1.16
		10–19 years since menopause	1.10	0.84–1.45
		> 20 years since menopause	1.28	1.03–1.58
		Age 50–59	0.93	0.65–1.33
		Age 60–69	0.98	0.79–1.21
		Age > 70	1.26	1.00–1.59
		Overall	1.07	0.92–1.23
Schierbeck et al¹⁵	Danish Osteoporosis Study, 1,006 post-menopausal women Average age 50 Average time since menopause 7 months Intervention hormone therapy: 17-beta estradiol (BE) 2 mg/day or 17BE + norethisterone acetate 1 mg/day Composite end point includes heart fail-ure, cardiovascular death, and nonfatal myocardial infarction	Analysis	Hazard ratio	95% CI

		11 years of hormone therapy	0.48	0.26–0.87
		16-year follow-up	0.61	0.39–0.94

↵a Cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction.
CI = confidence interval