DPP-4 inhibitors: Patient characteristics and outcomes in randomized controlled trials
| Patient characteristics | Drug (trial) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Alogliptin (EXAMINE)30,34 | Saxagliptin (SAVOR- TIMI-53)31,33 | Sitagliptin (TECOS)32 | |
| N | 5,380 | 16,492 | 14,671 |
| Age (mean or median) | 61.0 | 65.1 | 65.4 |
| Gender (male/female), % | 68/32 | 67/33 | 71/29 |
| BMI (mean or median) | 28.7 | 31.1 | 30.2 |
| DM duration (mean or median), yrs | 7.2 | 10.3 | 11.6 |
| Median study follow-up, yrs | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.0 |
| HbA1c at baseline, mean % ± SD | 8.0 ±1.1 | 8.0 ±1.4 | 7.2 ±0.5 |
| Decrease in HbA1c during trial, mean | 0.36% | 0.20% | 0.29% |
| Presentation at baseline | Acute coronary syndrome | CVD or multiple risk factors | CVD |
| Heart failure at baseline (%) | 28 | 13 | 18 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Primary CV end point; HR (95% CI) | 0.96 (≤ 1.16) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) |
| Death from any cause; HR (95% CI) | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) |
| Death from CV causes; HR (95% CI) | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) |
| Hospitalization for heart failure; HR (95% CI) | 1.07 (0.79–1.46) | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) |
| Death from CV causes + hospitalization for heart failure; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | Not reported | 1.01 (0.88–1.16 |
BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; CV = cardiovascular; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DPP-4 = dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DM = diabetes mellitus; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HR = hazard ratio; SD = standard deviation.