Causes of hyperkalemia
| Pseudohyperkalemia |
| Cellular redistribution Mineral acidosis Hypertonicity Insulin deficiency Beta-blockers (impair cell uptake of potassium) Alpha adrenergic stimulation Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Cell injury |
| Excess intake (almost always in setting of impaired renal potassium excretion) |
| Decreased renal excretion Decreased distal delivery of sodium (oliguric renal failure) Mineralocorticoid deficiency Defect of cortical collecting tubule |