Indications for endoscopic resection of squamous cell cancer of the esophagusa
| Absolute indications | Relative indications | |
|---|---|---|
| Depth of invasion | M1, M2 | M3, SM1 (< 200 pm) |
| Circumference | ≤ 2/3 | ≤ 3/4 |
| Paris classification | 0-II |
↵a Endoscopic resection here refers to endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection
M1 = intraepithelial carcinoma; M2 = tumor located between M1 and M3; M3 = tumor extremely close to or infiltrating the muscularis mucosa; SM1 = submucosally invasive tumor that extends up to 200 μm below the lower border of the muscularis mucosa
Based on information from the Japan Esophageal Society, reference 15.