TABLE 1

Causes of secondary constipation

Neurologic and motility disorders
Amyloidosis
Diabetes
Hirschsprung disease
Hypothyroidism
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson disease
Spinal cord injury
Spinal or ganglionic tumors
Stroke
Diseases in which treatment can cause constipation
Bipolar disorder
Chronic pain
Depression
Parkinson disease
Schizophrenia
Medications
Anticholinergics
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Antispasmodics
Calcium channel blockers
Opioids
Other causes
Chagas disease
Conversion disorder
Decreased fluid intake
Hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Low-fiber diet
Mechanical obstruction