Clinical presentation and associated symptoms in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
| Cardiovascular symptoms | Orthostatic intolerance, orthostatic tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, presyncope, syncope, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, chest pain, acrocyanosis, Raynaud phenomenon, venous pooling, limb edema |
| Noncardiovascular symptoms | |
| General | Deconditioning, fatigue, heat intolerance, fever |
| Nervous system | Headache, migraine, cognitive impairment, “brain fog,” difficulty concentrating, tremulousness, photophobia, phonophobia, blurred vision, neuropathic pain, sleep disorder, involuntary movements |
| Musculoskeletal | Muscle fatigue, weakness, pain |
| Gastrointestinal | Nausea, bloating, dysmotility, gastroparesis, diarrhea, constipation, pain, weight loss, irritable bowel syndrome |
| Respiratory | Shortness of breath, hyperventilation, bronchial asthma |
| Urogenital | Bladder dysfunction, polyuria, nocturia, urgency, frequency |
| Skin | Rash, erythema, petechiae, telangiectasias, diaphoresis, flushing, pallor, dry eyes, dry mouth, sudomotor dysregulation (hyperhidrosis, hypohidrosis, anhidrosis) |
| Psychiatric | Anxiety, depression, panic attacks, suicidal ideation, somatic hypervigilance, catastrophizing personality |
Based on information in reference 1.