PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Berlin, A. Jan
AU  - Cassen, Joyce H.
AU  - DeNelsky, Garland
AU  - Hanson, Maurice R.
AU  - Sweeney, Patrick J.
TI  - Benign essential blepharospasm treated with botulinum toxin
DP  - 1987 Sep 01
TA  - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
PG  - 421--426
VI  - 54
IP  - 5
4099  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/54/5/421.short
4100  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/54/5/421.full
SO  - Cleve Clin J Med1987 Sep 01; 54
AB  - Blepharospasm in 12 patients was graded according to its severity. Six patients also underwent neurological and psychological examinations. All were treated with periocular botulinum toxin injections, and all noted a reduction in spasm severity one week later. The effect lasted 60 to 90 days. The average improvement range was 2 gradations of spasm severity. Complications included a transient ptosis (two patients) and superficial punctate keratopathy (one patient). A psychological component—apparent secondary gain from the blepharospasm—was noted in three patients.